The Lymphatic System

It is an accessory circulatory system . It transport a fluid called lymph from intercellular spaces of tissues to the blood. This system is a part of our immune system(provide protection against diseases) .It consists of following components:

Lymph : It is a straw coloured fluid connective tissue. It is consists of plasma , proteins and blood cells except red blood cells and blood platelets. It is formed from the blood by diffusion and filtration of substances through the walls of the blood cappillaries into the inter cellular tissue spaces. When the blood from an arteriole enters a capillaries, it is under high pressure.Due to pressure and thin walls of capillaries,a clear liquid is forced out of the capillary walls into the spaces between the surroundings cells. This liquid is called tissue fluid. Tissue fluid carries different substances like oxygen, food and other useful substances to the cells. It also takes away carbon dioxide and waste products from the cells. If tissue fluid were to accumulate in the tissues and organs, it would cause swelling. So, it is returned to the bloodstream through another system of vessels, called the lymphatic system.

Lymph vessels: Most of the tissue fluid drains into lymph vessels and flows as lymph. These have thin cell walls which are single celled in thickness. Different lymph vessels join together to form bigger lymph ducts.All the lymph vessels join to form large ducts.They are: left lymphatic duct and right lymphatic duct. These vessels have valves that allow only unidirectional flow , so no double circulation. lymph vessels lack muscles so movement of lymph occur with the help of muscles surrounding the vessels.

Lymphatic nodes: Enlargement of lymph vessels at certain point to form cavities known as lymph nodes. These are lined by different phagocytic cells i.e.engulfing substances by forming pseudopodia around the substance. lymphocytes( agranular WBC's) produce antibidies against foreign particles like bacteria , germs etc.

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Sample Questions

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Question : 1

Which of the following are correct ? (a) Lymph nodes it is a straw colored fluid connective tissue. (b) Lymph is consists of plasma, proteins and blood cells except red blood cells and blood platelets.
A. Only (a) is correct .	B. Only (b) is correct .	C. Both (a) and (b) is correct .	D. None of these .
Right Option : B
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Question : 2

Which of the following are correct ? (a) Lymph nodes is formed from the blood by diffusion and filtration of substances through the walls of the blood capillaries into the inter cellular tissue spaces. (b) Enlargement of lymph vessels at certain point to form cavities known as lymph nodes. (c) These cells become more active during an infection and results in increase in their size. For eg. tonsils enlargement during bacterial infection.
A. Only (a) and (b) is correct .	B. Only (b) and ( c) is correct .	C. Only (a) and (c) is correct .	D. All of these .
Right Option : B
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Question : 3

In the lymphatic system enlargement of lymph vessels at certain point to form cavities known as _________________________ .
A. Lymph nodes	B. Kidney	C. Spinal cord	D. None of these .
Right Option : A
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